Drought-hit farmers urged to apply for government assistance payment

How to profit from Australia’s current severe regional drought

Rainfall across NSW undercuts farmer-victim message

On a dry-as-bones farm near the township of Trangie in Central NSW on Sunday, Malcolm Turnbull hugged a teared-up farmers' advocate overcome with emotion after  https://www.afr.com/news/peak-body-defends-taxpayer-help-as-farmers-wait-in-vain-for-rain-20180804-h13kfr" rel="nofollow - another $190 million government handout .

The following day something unexpected happened: it rained. In the 24 hours after Turnbull visited, Trangie received five millimetres of rain, according to the Bureau of Meteorology.

From a sprinkling in Bourke in the north-west to a touch of wet near Cooma in the southern highlands, rain fell across a large part of NSW on Monday morning. Bathurst reported a solid 10 millimetres on Sunday and Monday morning. The town received nearly twice the amount of rain on Friday as for the whole month of July,  https://www.westernadvocate.com.au/story/5567084/more-welcome-rain-as-august-is-off-to-a-wet-start-in-bathurst/?src=rss" rel="nofollow - the local newspaper joyfully reported .he undrought-like weather was unfortunate timing for the farmer-victim narrative being baked into the public consciousness by farmer lobbyists, politicians and the media.

'Farm Rescue' gets wet

The Seven Network was on the first day of a week-long "Farm Rescue" to "take help to the communities that really need it most". Reporting live from Coonabarabran, about two hours' drive from Trangie, Seven's journalist said: "It's been raining for the last three hours ... so our presence here is very welcome."

A bit of rain doesn't mean the drought is over, and the state remains dry. Over the past month patches of NSW have reported their lowest rainfall ever in July.

None other than Premier Gladys Berejiklian declared last week that "99 per cent" of the state is in drought, which she used to justify subsidies that may encourage farmers to expand sheep and cattle stocks when they should be selling or slaughtering them.But  https://www.afr.com/news/politics/experts-question-drought-severity-farmer-subsidies-20180803-h13iws" rel="nofollow - experts are sceptical  about an assertion by the Prime Minister, himself a cattle and sheep farmer in NSW's Hunter Valley, that "this is one of the worst droughts on record".

A run-of-the-mill drought

Over the past three years only one-third of NSW has reported below-average rainfall, according to weather bureau data, which doesn't qualify as a major drought for most experts. In Queensland the figure is about the same. Areas of both states have had above-average rainfalls too, driving up property prices.

"What it really takes to make a drought go from run-of-the-mill to extraordinary is if it persists for eight or nine years," says Anthony Kiem, a hydrologist at the University of Newcastle.Climate scientists say Australia has suffered three severe droughts since written records began: the Federation drought in the late 1800s and early 1990s, the World War II drought from 1935 to 1945, and the Millennium drought in the late 1990s to 2010.

In climatology, 100 years is not such a long period. By analysing ice cores and tree rings, scientists believe that Australian droughts going back to AD1100 may have lasted as long as 39 years – a modern person's entire working life.

Short-term memories

The short-term focus on weather frustrates experts, who see the political system reacting to a perennial problem with short-term and sometimes counterproductive policies."When there is a drought people say we should do this but as soon as it rains everyone forgets about it," Dr Kiem says.

Like any persistent lobbyist, she isn't satisfied though. "Our money is going to come from charitable help," she told a local newspaper after crying in front of Turnbull. "We need Aussies to get together. [It] is not going to come from the government."

Meanwhile, the national drought strategy has collapsed, and conditions for farming may become even tougher. "I think we need to assume we are going to see more droughts and rainfall that is less predictable," Turnbull predicted on Sunday.

Maybe it's time to think about farming as a business choice rather than a way of life underwritten by other Australians? Because one day it will start raining again and not stop, and almost no one is going to care about drought policy any more.

more titillating stuff from Aaron Patrick, fin review Aug 6 2018 at 11:00 PM

Joe Hildebrand writes: The inside story of a town in drought

JOE Hildebrand travelled to some of the areas hit hardest from the drought plaguing NSW. This is the incredible story of survival.

“LOOK! Look at this!”

Defying the drought: Farmers who have braced for the big dry

There is a drought spreading across eastern Australia and it is severe, but it is not our worst. At least not yet.



There are two major droughts which are stuck in the Australian psyche.

The 1895 to 1902 Federation Drought, during which the Darling and Murray Rivers ran dry. And the Millennium Drought, which ran from late 1996 to mid-2010 and severely affected most southern cropping areas.

In southern parts of Australia, droughts of the late 20th and early 21st centuries have been found to be the worst in the past 400 years, and experts predict they will become more prevalent in the future.

For some farmers, the millennium drought was a turning point, where they realised that if they wanted to keep farming in Australia, they needed to embrace rather than battle an often unpredictable climate.



Spending money when there is none

In NSW's Central West, farmers Laurie and John Chaffey have seen and read the stories about farmers in drought shooting starving livestock that they can't afford to feed.

The Chaffeys don't ever want to be in that position, and that meant being prepared for this drought, and future ones.

"We have never considered [culling], it's not something that we'd do, and it's not really a good outcome we feel for our industry at all," Ms Chaffey said.

They are reducing their cattle herd by half, and instead focusing on looking after their ewes, which is critical given they are all about to lamb.



Cash flow is low at the moment, but the Chaffey's are investing in building "drought lots", small pens where the mothers can give birth and still have access to plenty of food and water.

"You have got to have ewes in a good condition that they want to stay with the lamb and not toddle off where it's dropped," Mr Chaffey said.

"The lots will increase our lamb survival, so at the end we'll hopefully have a good lambing percentage, and we'll protect the ewes with good nutrition."

"It's our way of managing this drought, it's something we have been thinking about doing for a long time but have never done in our 40 years of farming," Mr Chaffey said.

Keeping all their sheep in drought lots, rather than in the paddocks, means the pasture will grow back faster when it rains.

It also means the Chaffeys don't have to sell as much stock, which will help them bounce back quicker when the drought breaks. Their sheep stocking rate is high, despite the drought, at 80 per cent.



The Chaffeys' livestock nutritionist, Nikki Henderson, says she wants to see more farmers in drought affected areas plan ahead, to avoid having animals starving in paddocks.

"This is definitely [an] uncommon thing for this area but it's great what the Chaffeys are doing. I've spent a lot of time in Victoria and South Australia and other areas and I see a lot more people setting up this sort of drought lotting infrastructure for lambing and drought feeding," she said.

In addition to the new drought lots, the Chaffeys also have two sheds full of hay, and three years ago installed silos to store grain, as well as grain they wrapped in plastic and buried 20 years ago.

"Every drought is different and it is all about compromise and adjustment, the further you get the further you need to think about how you can prepare next," Mr Chaffey said.



Ms Henderson, who has clients all through the Central West, said many people are still holding out for rain, rather than putting a long-term feeding strategy in place.

"There are people out there that I'm going to see who you set up with plans and talk about costs to feed through calving and they are still sitting back waiting and not planning ahead far enough to budget those feeds," she said.

Heidi Austin, a district vet with North West Local Land Services, said it can be difficult for farmers faced with the stress and pressure of drought to forward plan. They are just trying to get by day to day.

"I don't know how people are making decisions but they have to make decisions and often they are really hard decisions to make about what to sell, what to buy, when to keep going, when to stop, and seeking out options for when they stop," she said.

"They are feeding animals and it's hard work and physically hard, and my heart just goes out to people in trouble who have animals in trouble from these situations.

"You see it in their eyes, they are doing their hardest to do the right thing and whatever they are doing does not come with a good outcome."

On the positive side of the climate

Some farmers have been through droughts before and know that feeling well. They are desperate to avoid it this time around.

"The main reason we did what we did in our business and as a family was to never ever feel that feeling of hopelessness," Yeoval sheep producer Nigel Kerin said.

After the millennium drought, Mr Kerin decided to modify his business, to take advantage of unpredictable climates and rainfall patterns.

"What we learnt from the droughts in the 1980s and 2000s is that if you flog the living daylights out of your landscape while you are in a dry period, the grass you grow once you come back into average rainfall is bugger all," he said.



He lets his pastures rest by reducing most of his livestock. Currently he only has 20 per cent of his usual herd.

Instead, he "flogs it" when it rains. That doesn't necessarily mean waiting for autumn or winter. It means waiting for rainfall, regardless of what time of year it comes.

"You don't try to make money when it's dry, you set yourself up for when the dry breaks," Mr Kerin said.

Mr Kerin has built this business model around the concept of climate variability, which from a rainfall perspective, refers to how rainfall totals fluctuate above or below the long-term average over time.

Simply put, it means he doesn't expect a certain amount of rain at a certain time of year anymore.

"If it is a drought it's been going for a while. So I don't think it's a drought. I think it's climate variability. It's influxes of rain then extensive periods without it," he said.

"It seems that with climate variability in this district "” and the east coast of Australia "” that we get massive dumps of rain that last for one month, then it takes off and leaves us for four or five months at a time.

"If you can build a business model that fits with climate variability, and matching stocking rate to carrying capacity, you are setting yourself up to be on the positive side of this climate and not on the negative."

Mr Kerin also breeds a type of faster maturing sheep, which means he can grow more animals in a shorter time, to take advantage of any sudden rainfall whenever he gets it.

"They can reproduce at a younger age and it also allows us to sell the wether lambs quicker than what we used to," he said.



"The animals put on weight quicker, which if you've matched stocking rate to capacity, means you've got them at a saleable weight a lot quicker, before the season turns on you again."

As state and federal governments tinker away on policies to encourage farmers to prepare for drought, Mr Kerin says the push should come from farmers themselves.

"It's not so much about what governments can do. It's about if you want to change, if the need for change inside of you is enough to make you want to build a better future," he said.

"The adaption part. You have to tip out everything you know and re-establish a new paradigm of how to do business."

Grass growth and green days

Grazier Ardie Lord from Sutherland Station in north west Queensland doesn't like to use the word drought, even though he's technically been in one for five years.

This year he's only had half his annual rainfall - which he refers to as a "light year" - but he looks for the positives in it.



Mr Lord uses grazing charts to plan 12 months in advance. If he doesn't think he has enough grass to feed his current herd through to the next wet season, he begins to destock.

"The upside of a light year is production is higher [than a dry year] and weight gain per kilogram is higher, you've just got to run less animals," he said.

Currently, he's running around 40 per cent of his usual stock, and says that is "very fortunate" compared to many in north west Queensland. Some have destocked completely.

Critical to his forward planning is making sure he has enough pasture to feed his cattle until the next "green date". It is the date most likely to bring the next amount of decent rainfall "” for Sutherland Station that is around February. It is based on historical records when there is an 80 per cent chance of the wet season starting.

"The first job we have each year is to make sure we're going to see through to the next green date, and adjust our stocking rate to our current capacity accordingly," he said.



The stress during drought often comes from trying to maintain a large herd size, even if they don't have the pasture to feed it.

"If we are having a light year and we're running the appropriate amount of animals it's pretty stress-free," Mr Lord said.

He cautioned farmers against letting their livestock get skinny, to a point they can't be sold.

"It's risky because that's our cashflow and that's our future, so if the animals are losing weight it means we're losing cashflow," he said.

"If we have got the courage to sell them before they get skinny, it's much better to put the money in the bank than hold it.

"As long as they are healthy and can be trucked then there's good value in them."

Carbon farmers capitalise on climate

There's a new category of farming that is helping a lucky few defy the drought in a unique way.

Rather than relying on cattle and sheep for an income, Bourke farmer Michael Marshman makes money off letting trees grow. He's a carbon farmer.



"Trees are fairly resilient so they continue to grow even when rainfall is deficient, but with livestock we all know once it gets dry the money also dries up," Mr Marshman said.

Carbon farming for Mr Marshman means letting mulga regrow in paddocks where grass once did, and sheep used to graze. He can keep the cattle, because they don't pose a threat to the mulga.



The mulga stores carbon, and the Federal Government buys that storage space off him, through the Clean Energy Regulator, in a bid to reduce Australia's overall greenhouse gas emissions.

"I would hate to think what sort of position we'd be in if we didn't have the regular income stream from the carbon farming," Mr Marshman said.



Geoff Dunstan, a grazier from Cunnamulla in Queensland, who has also turned to carbon farming, agrees.

"In a drought you're usually going backwards financially and rapidly working flat out, but at least being in the carbon trade you've got income coming in over that bad period," Mr Dunstan said.

"It is hundreds of thousands of dollars we would not be making in a drought, so it's a real positive in a drought situation."

Not every farmer can go into carbon farming "” it only works with certain vegetation types.

Mr Marshman is re-investing the carbon farming money into other agriculture projects, to help make his business more drought tolerant.

He has bought a small property north of Bourke on the Darling River, where there is a reliable water supply.



"We've moved a percentage of our cattle there to feed them, it's a lot easier to manage a smaller acreage when feeding livestock," Mr Marshman said.

He's also bought a third property at Narromine in NSW "” it is insurance against drought, but also any potential collapse in the carbon farming sector.

"We have a property in a higher rainfall area now, and when it's dry here we can move livestock there, and we have gone for more livestock properties so we aren't just reliant on the carbon farming," he said.

"You never know when the next drought will hit you, so be prepared, invest in infrastructure that helps you be a bit more resilient in dry times that are not expected."

You can see the story on Landline on ABC TV at 12:30pm or on iview.


- ABC

© ABC 2018

Why does Australia waste its recycled water when it could be used to irrigate food crops?

Vegetable grower Marco Mason started using recycled water during the Millennium drought in the early 2000s, when his farm at Werribee west of Melbourne ran out of water.

"We liked the idea of recycled water but at the same time we had no choice, we had the choice of not signing up to recycled water and having to stop planting," he said.

When the drought was over, Mr Mason said he was still reliant on that water.

"I was adamant after the first drought period that we wouldn't need recycled water at all," he said.

"And I was wrong.

"The drought continues, the shortage of rain continues, the weir does not fill up, so we're reliant on recycled water."



A better use?

Research from the University of Melbourne's Foodprint project found that 84 per cent of Melbourne's recycled water was pumped out to sea.

Mr Mason said that water should be used for more schemes like the one at Werribee.

"It's available, it's there, it's only a matter of investing money towards it," he said.

"Does that mean that the government invests that money? Yeah I think the government should be investing money."

On the other side of Melbourne, on the Mornington Peninsula, avocado grower Steven Marshall said he is desperate to get his hands on recycled water.



"It might look green, this season we've had a little bit of rain but our dams still aren't filling," he said.

"We're going to be going right down to the nail."

Just down the road, a pipeline from the Melbourne Water's Eastern Treatment plant is pumping 350 million litres of Class A recycled water out to sea every day.

That quality of water is good enough to irrigate Mr Marshall's crops.

"That's just not being used "” mostly because it can't be seen," Mr Marshall said.

"It's in an underground pipeline "” and if people could see it I reckon it would have got used by now."

Mr Marshall was working with the local council to get a project off the ground that would see that water delivered to farmers.



Mornington Shire Mayor Bryan Payne said it is a disgrace to be wasting so much usable water.

"What we want to do is distribute it across the whole peninsula so we can drought proof the place, we can use it for higher agriculture," he said.

"It should be a bi-partisan type exercise, it's a no-brainer, both Federal and State Governments should fund it to get the infrastructure, to get it up."

That is already happening in South Australia where the Virginia Pipeline Scheme, north of Adelaide had the biggest recycled water program in the country.

It was set up in 1999 and is set for a major expansion with both state and federal funding.

Too expensive

Anne-Maree Boland, an agricultural and environmental consultant, said that recycled water schemes do not often get over the line because they are too expensive.

"One of the problems is you need to move it from where its produced which is often in major cities, to where the agriculture is," Dr Boland said.

"So peri-urban agriculture is a really good use of recycled water but it needs to be moved to those areas."

Funding for pipelines is needed to transport this water, but it comes at a high price, including the cost of electricity used to move it.



The closer farmland is to a city, the cheaper it will be.

Feasibility studies are currently underway in Sydney and on the Darling Downs in Queensland but Dr Boland said business plans do not take into account less tangible benefits.

"We don't consider some of the other benefits such as environmental benefits and the fact we're freeing up another water source," she said.

And Dr Boland said there tended to be a lot of interest in recycled water when we are in the grips of drought, but it is often forgotten later once the rains come.

"But we should be really thinking about the future and drought proofing ourselves," she said.

"So looking at the best sources of water for different purposes."


- ABC

© ABC 2018