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Training - Theory and Practice |
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Geraldo
Champion Joined: 14 Jan 2014 Location: Kent, England Status: Offline Points: 5818 |
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Posted: 10 Sep 2014 at 9:34am |
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Why do horses run every fortnight, stepping up in distance?
Is it just because that is the way the racing programme is structured? Does a horse's training regime get interrupted by coming down for a race, and then recovering afterwards, or does a horse become so much fitter from running fast in a race, that it makes up for it? Say a horse is a miler, does it run 1200m, then 1400m then main objective 1600m, because it might pick up some place money on the way, instead of just training. Would it be better for a horse to go 1200m, 1400m, 1600m, or to just spend that extra month training to run a mile?
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Bonfield
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Browndog
Moderator Group Joined: 30 Oct 2009 Location: Brunswick Hds N Status: Offline Points: 35559 |
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Fiorente went into his first Melb Cup and was placed, never having raced less than 2000m.
The lady trainer then gave him a more "traditional Australian" Autumn and Spring prep to win the Cup off 2 barrier trials then a 1400m, 1600m, 2000m, 2040m prep. Not sure what you deduce from that Edited by Browndog - 10 Sep 2014 at 12:22pm |
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Bonfield
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It is more common these days for a trainer to start a horse off at 1600m, 1800m or even 2000m, no doubt training the 'European way'. I can't prove it with statistics, but my observations are that rarely have they been successful starting a prep that way. The proven Aussie way is the start short and build up. I guess if 'if it aint broke don't fix it'.
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Browndog
Moderator Group Joined: 30 Oct 2009 Location: Brunswick Hds N Status: Offline Points: 35559 |
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Lloyd set up Mt Macedon to train horses on European preps, long undulating stamina building exercise, yet he trained Green Moon to a win through the traditional Memsie, Feehan, Turnbull, Cox Plate route off a one start Autumn
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Bonfield
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Yes, I'm only guessing, but his intention may have been to train his stayers the European way, but found with experience that he was better off the traditional Aussie way. David Hayes dabbles a bit in the European way too, with limited success.
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Gay3
Moderator Group Joined: 19 Feb 2007 Location: Miners Rest Status: Offline Points: 51993 |
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Anyone deeply interested in the subject could google: horse physiological training article
Listed 1st is http://actavetscand.com/content/55/1/59 which has many separate studies including, for starters: BackgroundTraining of young Thoroughbred horses must balance development of cardiopulmonary function and aerobic capacity with loading of the musculoskeletal system that can potentially cause structural damage and/or lameness. High-speed equine treadmills are sometimes used to supplement exercise on a track in the training of young Thoroughbreds because the horse can run at high speeds but without the added weight of a rider. We tested the hypothesis that intermittent high-intensity exercise on a treadmill of young Thoroughbred horses entering training can enhance development of aerobic capacity (Vo2max) and running performance more than conventional training under saddle, and do so without causing lameness. ResultsTwelve yearling Thoroughbreds trained for 8 months with conventional riding (C) only, conventional riding plus a short (2 month, S) interval of once-per-week high-intensity treadmill exercise, or a long (8 month, L) interval of once-per-week high-intensity treadmill exercise. Three treadmill exercise tests evaluated Vo2max, oxygen transport and running performance variables in June of the yearling year (only for L), October of the yearling year and April of the 2-year-old year. No horses experienced lameness during the study. Aerobic capacity increased in all groups after training. In both October and April, Vo2max in L was higher than in C, but did not differ between L and S or S and C. Running speeds eliciting Vo2max also increased in all groups after training, with S (809 ± 3 m/s) and L (804 ± 9 m/s) higher than C (764 ± 27 m/s). Maximum heart rate decreased for all groups after training. Hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration increased for L throughout training. ConclusionsYoung Thoroughbred horses can increase aerobic capacity and running performance more than by strictly using track training under saddle with the addition of intermittent high-intensity treadmill exercise, and they can do so without experiencing lameness. This finding suggests that young racehorses might be able to achieve higher aerobic fitness during training without subjecting their musculoskeletal systems to increased loading and risk of developing lameness. The findings of this preliminary study do not indicate a specific protocol to best achieve this goal. |
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Wisdom has been chasing me but I've always outrun it!
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djebel
Premium Joined: 07 Mar 2007 Status: Offline Points: 53960 |
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The problem is it is broke. Our trainers are simply not developing stayers in this country, You could even say they are not developing consistently high grade milers. |
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reductio ad absurdum
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Gay3
Moderator Group Joined: 19 Feb 2007 Location: Miners Rest Status: Offline Points: 51993 |
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This is a comprehensive & easily understood article explaining the various stages of fitness development & approx time taken to reach them. The reason for trained 2yos racing careers outlasting the older started horses is also covered.
Equine Exercise Physiology - understanding basic terminology and conceptsBy Robert Keck Equine exercise physiology is defined as the study of the horse’s body systems in response to exercise. A relatively new scientific field, equine exercise physiology provides an incredible amount of information that can be used to maximize performance, and extend the health and longevity of the athletic horse. Understanding basic terminology and concepts that researchers commonly use in measuring equine performance, the modern trainer can design a training program that enables the horse to reach the limits of its genetic potential.
The horse’s heart weights between 4-5 kg., or about 1% of their body mass. At rest the horse heart beats 30-40 beats per minute. At full speed however, the maximal heart rate (HR max) in a 2-3 year old racehorse can reach 240-250 beats per minute. The heart pumps .8-1.2 liters in each beat. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV). At rest the heart cardiac output is approximately 25 liters per minute and increases to an amazing 300 liters per minute in elite athletes during exercise. Therefore, a horse’s heart is capable of pumping a 55 gallon barrel of blood per minute!
Heart mass has been shown to
increase with training. Hypertrophy (enlargement) in the heart
physically comes in two ways, a thickening of the heart walls, and an
increase in the size of the chambers, especially the left ventricle.
Heart mass has been shown to increase up to 33% in 2-year old horses
after only 18 weeks of conventional race training (Young, 1999). The
increase in heart size results in increased cardiac output. Stroke
volume has been shown to increase by 10% after as little as 10 weeks of
training (Thomas et al, 1983). A study has also shown that heart size is
also correlated with VO2 Max using an ECG (Young et al, 2002). VO2
Max increases from 10-20% in the first 6-8 weeks of training after
which further improvement is limited. Although, the relationship between
VO2 Max and velocity is highly correlated, the differences found in the
speed and performance of two thoroughbreds with equal VO2 Max values
can be explained by differences in biomechanics, and economy of
locomotion. Horses with a high VO2 Max and efficient gait will use less
energy to attain the same speed. As fitness progresses, the horse will
be able to attain a higher speed before reaching VO2 Max. An example
would be a lightly trained thoroughbred hitting VO2 Max at 25mph, but
after beginning a training program, the same horse would eventually be
able to go 30 mph before reaching the limit. Although improvements in VO2 max and aerobic capacity occurs early in the training stages, it’s not until 4-6 months that improvements are seen in bone and ligaments. This physiological mismatch is often the cause of many bone and soft tissue injuries.
Understanding basic equine exercise physiology and the metabolic systems of the horse not only benefits trainers, but owners, breeders and agents in training, breeding and buying a future thoroughbred athlete. http://trainermagazine.com/articles/2013/4/29/equine-exercise-physiology-understanding-basic-terminology-and-concepts |
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Wisdom has been chasing me but I've always outrun it!
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djebel
Premium Joined: 07 Mar 2007 Status: Offline Points: 53960 |
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Its a good magazine that Gay.
Who is Robert Keck ? Was the study and essay done via insights from the top Japanese and European trainers ? These are the people to ask. How did they get such brilliiance from the likes of Orfevre and Goldship and company ? The two Japanese stayers that look like coming out here for the Cups would not be in the top 30 Japanese stayers. |
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reductio ad absurdum
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Gay3
Moderator Group Joined: 19 Feb 2007 Location: Miners Rest Status: Offline Points: 51993 |
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I've done enough researching for one day djebel, now it's your turn . I think the 2nd study from the 1st link is a Japanese one & there are probably more as they seem to be leading the way in the last few years, scientifically.
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Wisdom has been chasing me but I've always outrun it!
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Geraldo
Champion Joined: 14 Jan 2014 Location: Kent, England Status: Offline Points: 5818 |
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Yes, thanks, Gai, think I'll read that second post a bit later, probably tomorrow. Thankyou, Bonfield, too.
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Gay3
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The highlighted area may give potential & present owners an insight into the approx time frame required to develop the animals' entire system to full fitness. Equine Fitness and Physiology Physiology: A branch of biology that deals with the functions and activities of life or living matter (as organs, tissues, or cells) and of the physical and chemical phenomena involved.... --Merriam-Webster Dictionary Whether your horse is competing as a top-level athlete or is simply used for an occasional trail ride, it must have a level of fitness to perform well and to endure the activity without injury. To make an improvement in overall fitness, activities should be gradually increased in a systematic way. A gradual approach protects the horse from injury as the horse's body adapts to the increased workload. How the physiology of the horse adapts with training Horse form and function Nature has produced in the horse an animal that endures because of its ability to escape and defend itself.. Interruptions that extend to months or longer will suffer a greater loss of cardiovascular condition and will lose musculoskeletal strength that will have to be regained before progressing further. Most research shows that for each additional month of little or no training beyond the first month's layoff, you will need an month's reconditioning to reach the level achieved prior to the period of inactivity. Maintain - easier than regain Maintaining a baseline of fitness during down-times or the off-season is important especially in older horses. Horses that maintain a baseline of fitness, especially as it relates to cardiovascular workouts at least twice a week, will return to the higher level of fitness much more quickly than horses that are allowed periods of inactivity. Knowing the physiology of your horse and how it is affected by training and conditioning will help you maintain an adequate program that will keep cardiovascular and muscular systems, as well as the horse's other important systems in condition to withstand the rigors of riding and competing whatever the workload of the horse might be |
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Wisdom has been chasing me but I've always outrun it!
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Geraldo
Champion Joined: 14 Jan 2014 Location: Kent, England Status: Offline Points: 5818 |
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Probably fairly similar in humans, though I'd reckon we'd lose more with a month's inactivity.
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Geraldo
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California Chrome coming back today, six weeks before the Breeders' Cup.
At 9 furlongs. I suppose likely to have races at three week intervals, rather than go the six weeks. |
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Geraldo
Champion Joined: 14 Jan 2014 Location: Kent, England Status: Offline Points: 5818 |
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TBV - where it is the Silly Season all year round.
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Sneck
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Bonfield
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What surface are they galloping on? Looks hard.
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Gay3
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Synthetic seem to be installed at all the larger establishments in the UK. Hill work is sensational but great care must be taken to avoid hamstring tears & strains due to fatigue. This is known as resistance type work which can be counteracted by stretching exercise such as swimming immediately after the work.
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Wisdom has been chasing me but I've always outrun it!
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Morston
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It's well worth a visit to Newmarket if you get the chance.
The gallops are all through and around the town, some very near the town centre, and often up and down quite steep hills. A lot of the surfaces are all-weather. You can also watch teams of horses walking through the town to the gallops. The traffic simply stops for them. |
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bjn1960
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Don't he buy the property already setup - to a large degree - by someone else? |
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whitt0
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It is not working
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bjn1960
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Sorry about the grammar and spelling.
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bjn1960
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It would be interesting to compare the above data with the number of horses he had in-training, for the same periods? Edited by Gay3 - 18 Jan 2015 at 9:12am |
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bjn1960
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Why, when quoting does all the above happen?
Why aren't we able to self-correct or edit our own posts. If in doubt check by using the Preview window otherwise some nice mod'll come along & fix the mess Edited by Gay3 - 18 Jan 2015 at 9:14am |
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djebel
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It was just amazing to read how Henry Cecil prepared Ardross for his 2nd Gold Cup.
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reductio ad absurdum
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bjn1960
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Do you happen to have a link to Henry Cecil preparation? |
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djebel
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Sorry, Firstly it was not Ardross it was Le Moss. Just re-reading it from Brough Scotts biography of Henry Cecil.
Basically the horse refused to work on the Gallops, might go 50 yards and turn it up. The yard had one of the most experienced workers on his back and he would wander around Newmarket and if anythin should fire him up he would be just let run till he'd had enough. This was a horse being set for a first up tilt at the Ascot Gold Cup Thats my basic reading of the situation. |
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reductio ad absurdum
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Morston
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If you are a racing enthusiast and happen to be in England then you would find a visit to the town very interesting. The whole town is built around racing. Many buildings have historical racing connectons and you do not know who you will bump into simply by walking down the High street or in any pub.
The surrounding countryside is all stud farms and gallops and you can see horses everywhere especially in the early morning. My son lives close by and I love to visit. May well be moving back to live there in the near future. |
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djebel
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reductio ad absurdum
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